The Evidence Base behind Attendance Interventions
The importance of attendance means that there is a growing demand for a review of the research into attendance interventions.
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by Durrington Research School
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Dual Coding
What is it?
Dual coding is the idea of combining verbal input with visual resources, when presenting new information to students. This doesn’t have to be a diagram. It could be a flow chart, an info-graphic, a timeline, a mind-map etc. This is because it’s not about drawing as such, but the spatial qualities of the notes and diagrams that allow meaning to be created from them. Photos and videos are to be avoided as they can cause too much distraction.
What does the evidence say?
The idea was developed by Allan Paivio in the early 1970s. Essentially it is a theory of cognition that says humans process and represent verbal and non-verbal information in separate, related systems. For example, the brain uses a different kind of representation for the word ‘dog’ than it does for the image of a dog. Something verbal can trigger a thought of something non-verbal and vice versa. The mental codes corresponding to these verbal and non-verbal representations are used to organise incoming information that can be acted upon, stored and retrieved for subsequent use. The ability to code a stimulus two different ways increases the chances of remembering the item compared to if the stimulus was only coded one way.
How can teachers mobilise this evidence?
Further Reading
Dual coding theory and education – Clark and Paivio
Double barrelled learning for young and old – Paul Kirschner & Mirjam Neelen
Learn how to study using…Dual Coding – The Learning Scientists
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